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If you think it's qappropriate, you may want to get this info to the legislature. /O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=PAUL.MITNIKEXEX:/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=PAUL.MITNIKMitnik, PaulмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=PAUL.MITNIK/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVE.B.MILLEREX/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVE.B.MILLEREXУ Ак+еяDjГО@MЎ`жнн\YšPhosphorus Removal Costs on Androscoggin/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=PAUL.MITNIKEXEX:/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVE.B.MILLEREX:/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVE.B.MILLERc=US;a= ;p=Mail;l=DEPMSX-030423155309Z-867117Miller, Dave BмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVE.B.MILLERMitnik, PaulмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=PAUL.MITNIKMiller, Dave BмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVE.B.MILLEREX:/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=PAUL.MITNIKPhosphorus Removal Costs on AndroscogginIPM.Note__substg1.0_0FF90102*џџџџџџџџџџџџ–__substg1.0_3001001E*8:џџџџ•__substg1.0_37010102*џџџџџџџџџџџџAv__substg1.0_37020102*9=џџџџўџџџ__substg1.0_3703001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџ”__substg1.0_3704001E*<?џџџџ“ __substg1.0_3707001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџ’__substg1.0_37090102*>7џџџџ[И __substg1.0_68100102*џџџџџџџџџџџџZ__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџЉH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*LџџџџџџџџЇJ__substg1.0_3001001E*BDџџџџІ__substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџЅ__substg1.0_3003001E*CGџџџџЄ.__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџЃ1__substg1.0_39FE001E*FIџџџџЂ__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџЁ__substg1.0_3A20001E*HKџџџџ __substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџŸ__substg1.0_5FF70102*JAџџџџž __substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџ__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџЛH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*XџџџџџџџџЙG__substg1.0_3001001E*NPџџџџИ __substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџЗ__substg1.0_3003001E*OSџџџџЖ+__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџЕ.__substg1.0_39FE001E*RUџџџџД__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџГ __substg1.0_3A20001E*TWџџџџВ __substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџБ __substg1.0_5FF70102*VMџџџџА __substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџЏ__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџЭH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*dџџџџџџџџЫJ__substg1.0_3001001E*Z\џџџџЪ__substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџЩ__substg1.0_3003001E*[_џџџџШ.__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџЧ1__substg1.0_39FE001E*^aџџџџЦ__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџХ__substg1.0_3A20001E*`cџџџџФ__substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџУ__substg1.0_5FF70102*bYџџџџТ __substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџС__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџпH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*pџџџџџџџџнI__substg1.0_3001001E*fhџџџџм__substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџл__substg1.0_3003001E*gkџџџџк-__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџй0__substg1.0_39FE001E*jmџџџџи__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџз __substg1.0_3A20001E*loџџџџж__substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџе__substg1.0_5FF70102*neџџџџд __substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџг__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџёH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*|џџџџџџџџяO__substg1.0_3001001E*rtџџџџю__substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџэ__substg1.0_3003001E*swџџџџь3__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџы6__substg1.0_39FE001E*vyџџџџъ__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџщ__substg1.0_3A20001E*x{џџџџш__substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџч__substg1.0_5FF70102*zqџџџџц __substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџх__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*ˆџџџџџџџџM__substg1.0_3001001E*~€џџџџ__substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџџ__substg1.0_3003001E*ƒџџџџў1__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџ§4__substg1.0_39FE001E*‚…џџџџќ__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџћ__substg1.0_3A20001E*„‡џџџџњ__substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџљ__substg1.0_5FF70102*†}џџџџј __substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџї__properties_version1.00џџџџџџџџџџџџH__substg1.0_0FFF0102*”џџџџџџџџI__substg1.0_3001001E*ŠŒџџџџ__substg1.0_3002001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџ__substg1.0_3003001E*‹џџџџ-__substg1.0_300B0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџ0__substg1.0_39FE001E*Ž‘џџџџ__substg1.0_39FF001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџ __substg1.0_3A20001E*“џџџџ __substg1.0_5FF6001E*џџџџџџџџџџџџ __substg1.0_5FF70102*’‰џџџџ I__substg1.0_0FF60102*џџџџџџџџџџџџ __substg1.0_00020102*џџџџџџџџџџџџ __substg1.0_00030102*•—џџџџx__substg1.0_00040102*џџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџ__substg1.0_100F0102*џџџџЃџџџџY__substg1.0_10010102*–›џџџџX__substg1.0_101E0102* џџџџџџџџW__substg1.0_10110102*žŸџџџџV__substg1.0_10120102*џџџџџџџџџџџџU__substg1.0_10020102*џџџџџџџџџџџџT__substg1.0_10090102*ЂџџџџS__substg1.0_101B0102*œšџџџџR__substg1.0_101C0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџQ__substg1.0_100A0102*џџџџџџџџџџџџP__substg1.0_100B0102*Ё˜џџџџO__substg1.0_10100102*џџџџџџџџџџџџN@0PпыІтФ@0PпыІтФїW\єHE7<   #& )67*@9МыoА У;/Т?JТ@AHТB CJТDG.ТQ1ТR1Т W X Yde,p)qТuv.wx. 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This may not be the best method of determining how phosphorus is removed. It would be better to use economic considerations and science to determine the most efficient method to remove phosphorus. Should the end result be that a Use Attainability Analysis (UAA) is undertaken, using the most efficient abatement method would result in the highest water quality for Gulf Island Pond at the least cost. Cost Considerations First, let’s look at the summary of estimated phosphorus loads to Gulf Island Pond at summer low flow conditions. Paper Mills 635 ppd (Pounds per day) Municipal Discharges 150 ppd Natural / Non-Point Sources 85 ppd Total 870 ppd Next let’s look at an allocation method recommended in DEP’s Alternative Analysis Report (Feb 2003) Paper Mills 210 ppd Municipal Discharges 60 ppd Natural / Non-Point Sources 85 ppd Total 355 ppd It can be seen that the mills need to reduce phosphorus by about 425 ppd and the municipal discharges by about 90 ppd. The total phosphorus load entering the pond needs to be reduced from 870 ppd to 355 ppd or about a 60% reduction. Point source phosphorus needs to be reduced from 785 ppd to 270 ppd or about a 2/3 reduction. The comments received from paper mills indicate that they believe that advanced treatment involving filtration will be necessary as upfront capital costs of about $105 million (all three mills collectively). In addition, annual operations and maintenance cost (O&M) involving the cost of chemicals for chemical addition and sludge disposal will add another $10 million per year (all three mills collectively). DEP believes the costs may actually be less than this, but let’s assume these costs are correct for now. This would result in the following cost per pound of phosphorus removal. Paper Mills Capital $247,000 / pound of P-removed O&M $23,500 / pound of P-removed / year For municipal discharges, the O&M costs are estimated to be, collectively, about $200,000 / year for three municipal discharges. The O&M costs associated with this are as follows: Municipal O&M $2200 / pound of P-removed / year It can be seen that the P-removal O&M cost alone is more than 10 times more expensive for paper mills than municipal discharges. If TP reductions are made to paper mills rather than municipalities, about 90 ppd of additional reductions will have to be allocated amongst the three mills. This would reduce their combined TP allocation from 210 ppd to 120 ppd. The P-removal cost is not necessarily linear and typically gets more expensive per pound of phosphorus removal, when very high removal rates are required. It can be seen that this would result in very high total costs overall, and may not be the most desirable method. Pollution Trading USEPA has recently introduced guidance to a method of trading pollution credits in TMDL allocations. In this system, reductions to the impacted river segment are sought which are most economically viable and achievable. It would be more economical for the paper mills to pay for TP treatment at the municipalities at a cost equal to a small fraction what it would cost to remove the same levels of phosphorus at their own treatment systems. This method of trading pollution credits has already been used in other TMDL’s in other state, the most noteworthy being a nitrogen allocation to Long Island Sound which involved dozens of point source discharges located in four different states. In this situation, the water quality goal was probably not achievable within affordable constraints, without seeking the most efficient method of allocation. This may also be the situation at Gulf Island Pond. If pollution trading is investigated for the Androscoggin TMDL, it may be possible to avoid filtration of the paper mill effluent which has at prohibitive cost. Non-Point Source Pollution DEP has estimated that phosphorus of non-point source origin (runoff induced pollution) contributes about 85 ppd to Gulf Island Pond. At least Н of this may be of natural origin and uncontrollable. The 40 ppd remaining would not be enough to offset the 90 ppd reductions proposed for municipal point sources. From a practical standpoint, the drainage area of Gulf Island Pond (2863 square miles) is very large compared to those where non-point source project have been undertaken (typically < 100 square miles drainage). It would take hundreds or perhaps even thousands of actions relating to land activities before a difference would be noticed in the Androscoggin River. The cost associated with this could end up being very expensive. Another consideration concerning non-point source pollution is that it is a moving target. It is not just a matter of doing a one-time cleanup and you are done. Land activities within the Androscoggin River watershed will continually be changing and the potential for increased non-point pollution in the future will continually be a threat. Non-point source pollution will have to be addressed as a long-term continuing process so that improvements realized from point source abatement are permanent. EPA would not allow pollution trading with non-point source pollution as a method of allocation, due to the fact that it would delay the implementation of the TMDL. Availability of Phosphorus for Algae Growth Algae prefer phosphorus in the dissolved form rather than the organic form for growth. Organic-P can be converted to dissolved-P, but there must be adequate time for this to occur. The flushing time of Gulf Island Pond is one to two weeks, and in contrast the flushing time for a lake is typically several months. For a lake it is usually safe to assume most of the phosphorus is available for algae growth. In a river or reservoir, only a smaller portion of the organic phosphorus is available for growth. Point source discharges typically are composed of 70% to 90% of dissolved phosphorus that is readily available for algae growth. In contrast, the amount of dissolved phosphorus from non-point sources is a very small portion of the total phosphorus. From this perspective, as a short-term strategy, it is best to reduce point sources phosphorus discharges rather than non-point sources of phosphorus. Summary Paper mill annual costs for phosphorus removal are more than 10 times that of municipal discharges ( Paper mill discharges would have to offset proposed reductions for municipal discharges, if the municipal discharges are not reduced. The additional cost for this could be prohibitive. ( EPA’s pollution trading policy would allow mills to fund phosphorus removal at municipal treatment plants where it is more economical ( Most of point source phosphorus is available for algae growth. Most of non-point source phosphorus is unavailable for algae growth. 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RDawn.R.GallagherDawn.R.Gallagher@maine.govEX:/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAWN.R.GALLAGHER/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=Dawn.R.GallagherEXўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџ ўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџGallagher, Dawn RмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=Dawn.R.Gallagher  ўџMС0001 04С9ў9џ9 : @:q:і_ї_ С§_џ_іС0ўмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/o=Mail/ou=DEP/cn=Recipients/cn=David.VanWieVanWieVanWie, DavidDavid.VanWieDavid.VanWie@maine.govEX:/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=DAVID.VANWIE/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=David.VanWieEXVanWie, DavidмЇ@ШРBДЙ+/с‚/O=MAIL/OU=DEP/CN=RECIPIENTS/CN=David.VanWie  ўџIТ000- 00Т9ў9џ9  : @:q:і_ї_IТ§_џ_іТ0ў…R…T………………6…7… 8… … ˆ ˆ … РF РF