Skip Maine state header navigation

Agencies | Online Services | Help

Skip First Level Navigation | Skip All Navigation

Home > Minerva > Cataloging > Manual > Ch 3: Main Entries - MARC 1XX Fields

Chapter 3: Main Entries - MARC 1XX Fields

Choice of main entry

The first step in cataloging an item is to determine its main entry, or main access point. Access points are headings or index terms used in searchable fields. As many headings as seem necessary should be provided so patrons can readily find what they are looking for in the data base.

The main entry signifies the creator of the work in hand and is frequently the name of the single author or known primary author of the item being cataloged. The MARC tag used for the main entry is 1XX. This is the first field of the record containing bibliographic information. If a work has unknown authors, more than three authors or is an edited compilation there is no 1XX field and the bibliographic information will begin with the title field (245). Access to names not entered as main entries is given through 7XX and 8XX fields; these are considered to be added entries or added points of access on the bib record.

Sources for determining main entry access points:

  • Chief source of information
  • Other statements prominently stated in the item
  • Statements in contents and outside sources if clarification is needed

(back to top)

Personal author as main entry: MARC 100 field (NR)

When an item has a clearly identifiable personal author or creator who is chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work, the name is entered in the 100 field. There may only be one 100 tag in a record. Personal authors can be writers, music composers, map cartographers, bibliographers, photographers, artists or performers. This field ends with a period.

Only the first indicator position is used in the 100 field, as follows:

  • 0 Forename, used when a person goes by only one name
    • 100 0 Madonna,|d1958-
  • 1 Surname or last name followed by the first name, the most common indicator in this field
    • 100 1 Jennings , Alan.
  • 3 Family name, used when a work such as a newsletter is created by a family group
    • 100 3 Adams family.

The 100 field may contain a variety of subfields. Punctuation in the examples below is prescribed by AACR2. The most frequently used subfields are listed in the order in which they would be used. For a more extensive listing and additional examples see the MARC 21 website.

  • |a Personal name (NR)
    • 100 1 O'Connor, Dennis.
  • |q Qualification or fuller form of name (NR)
    • 100 1 Lawrence, T. E.|q(Thomas Edward).
  • |b Numeration (NR)
    • 100 0 Mary|bII,|cQueen of Great Britain ,|d1662-1694.
  • |c Title(s) (R)
    • 100 1Seuss,|cDr.
  • |d Dates of birth, death or flourishing associated with the name (NR)
    • 100 1Ondaatje, Michael,|d1943-.

(back to top)

Corporate author as main entry: MARC 110 field (NR)

The main entry may be the name of a corporate author rather than that of a personal author or creator. The 110 tag is used and the corporate name is entered there. This field ends with a period.

A corporate author is an organization or a group of persons identified by a particular name and that acts as an entity. There are several types of corporate authors that may be main entries: associations; institutions; business firms; governments; conferences; ad hoc events such as fairs or exhibits and vessels such as spacecraft and ships.

A corporate body may be chosen as the main entry only if the contents of the item being cataloged belong in one or more of six categories:

  • Administrativ e - The contents deal with the corporate body itself. Examples would be things such as annual reports, university calendars, membership directories and catalogs.
  • Legal material - The item's contents i nclude the corporation's laws, decrees, administrative regulations, treaties, court decisions or legislative hearings.
  • Collective thought - The item's contents are from reports of commissions, recommendations of committees, etc.
  • Collective activities of performing groups - This would include sound recordings, video recordings or published music recorded or produced by a performing group.
  • Collective activities - This would include publications from conferences, fairs, exhibits, etc.
  • Cartographic material - A corporate body can be considered as the main entry for cartographic material when it is responsible for more than just the material's publication because it has financed expeditions, hired and directed staff, etc.

Only the first indicator position is used; it shows if a name is preceded by a place name or is in direct order.

  • 1 Place or place plus name
    • 110 1 Maine.|bState Planning Office.
  • 2 Name in direct order
    • 110 2 Lions International.

This field may contain a variety of subfields . Punctuation that appears in the examples below is prescribed by AACR2. The most frequent subfields are listed in the order in which they would be used. See the MARC 21 website for more details.

  • |a Name of corporate body (NR)
    • 110 2 Lions International.
  • |b Each subordinate unit in hierarchy (R)
    • 110 1 California .|bLegislature.|bJoint Committee on Seismic Safety.
  • |d Date of meeting or treaty signing (R)
    • 110 1 United States.|bCongress|n(87th, 2nd session :|d(1962).
    • 110 1 Algeria.|tTreaties, etc.|gEngland and Wales|d1682, Apr. 20.
  • |c Location of a meeting (NR)
    • 110 2 Canadian Law Society.|bConfenence|d(1980 :|cVancouver, B.C.).
  • |4 Realtor term (NR)
    • 110 2 Atchison , Topeka , and Santa Fe Railway Co., et. al|4defendents.
  • |n Number of part/section/meeting (R)
    • 110 1 United States.|bCongress|n(87th, 2nd session :|d1962).

(back to top)

Meeting or conference as main entry: MARC 111 field (NR)

The name of the meeting is usually the main entry and is entered in a 111 field when the papers or proceedings of a meeting are cataloged. This field is also used for programs or publications of fairs and exhibitions. Entries in this field are always in direct name order. This field ends with a period.

Only the first indicator, the number "2," is used in this field.

  • 2 Name, direct order as illustrated in the examples below

This field may contain a variety of subfields . Punctuation and form of entry in the examples below are prescribed by AACR2. The most frequent subfields are listed in the order in which they would be used. See the MARC 21 website for more details.

  • |a Name of meeting (NR)
    • 111 2 International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism.
  • |d Date of conference or meeting (NR)
    • 111 2 Special seminar on Canadian Investment in theU.S.|d(1980).
  • |c Place (NR)
    • 111 2 Agriculture Sciences Seminar|d(1979 :|cWilliamsburg, Va. ).
  • |e Subordinate unit in name (R)
    • 111 2 Olympic Games|n(21st :|d1976 :|cMontreal, Quebec )|eOrganizing Committee.
  • |g Miscellaneous information (NR)
  • |n Number of meeting, part/section (R)
    • 711 2 |aOxford University Expedition to Spitsbergen |n(1st :|d1912).

(back to top)

Uniform title as a main entry: MARC 130 field (NR)

The uniform title or the title chosen to identify a monograph which has been published under many different titles may be the main entry. Only the first indicator is used in this field. The second indicator is blank.

  • 0-9 Number of nonfiling characters present

This field may contain a variety of subfields. These are not necessarily used in alphabetical order. Punctuation is prescribed by AARC2, not by MARC format. The most frequent subfields are listed below in the order in which they would be used. See MARC 21 for more details

  • |a Uniform title (NR)
    • 130 4 The Dead Sea Scrolls.
  • |d Date of treaty signing (NR)
    • 130 0 Treaty of Urtrecht|d(1713)
  • |f Date of a work (NR)
    • 130 0 Bible.|lHebrew-Greek.|f1834.
  • |g Miscellaneous information (NR)
  • |k Form subheading (NR)
    • 130 0 Talmud.|lEnglish.|kSelections.
  • |l Language of a work (NR)
  • |m Medium of performance for music (R)
    • 130 0 Alman.|mharpsichord (Fitzwilliam virginal Book, 14) |n Number of section/part of a work (R)
    • 130 0 English lute songs.|nSeries 1.
  • |o Arranged statement for music ("arr.") (NR)
    • 130 0 God save the king;|oarr.
  • |p Name of section/part of a work (R)
    • 130 0 Bible.|pN.T.|pCorinthians, 1st.
  • |r Key for music (NR)
    • 130 0 Concertos,|mviolin, string orchestra,|rD major.
  • |s Version (NR)
    • 130 0 Bible.|pO.T.|lAnglo-Saxon.|sAelfri.|f1974.

 

(back to top)

Additional information on main entry fields

Shared responsibility

Only one author may be entered in the main entry area even if two or three people or corporate bodies have equally co-authored a work. The names not selected as the main entry become added access points or added entries and are entered in subsequent MARC 7XX and 8XX fields. In the example below the co-author's name is given access through a 700 1 field.

  • 100 1 Henkel, James G.
  • 245 10 Molecular graphics on the IBM PC microcomputer|h[electronic resource] /
    • |cJames G. Henkel, Frank H. Clarke.
  • 700 1 Clarke, Frank H.

(back to top)

Items with no collective title

If an item includes a collection of works but does not have a chief source of information that gives a title for the entire collection , the main entry is under the first work or contribution named. In the following example three works are all bound in the same book but there is no collective title page at the beginning of the volume.

  • 100 1 Ellsworth, Ralph E.,|d 1907-
  • 245 10 Buildings /|cRalph E. Ellsworth. Shelving / by Louis Kaplan. Storage warehouses / Jerrold Orne.

(back to top)

Works of mixed responsibility

There are times when the responsibility for a work is divided. This happens when different persons or bodies have contributed to the intellectual or artistic content of a work, performing different kinds of functions (e.g., writing, adapting, illustrating, translating, etc.). Determination of the main entry depends to a large extent on the relative importance of such contributions. There are two categories of mixed responsibility:

  1. Modifications of previously existing works, such as revised editions, adaptations or translations.
  2. New works that consist of different kinds of contributions, such as illustrated texts or musical works with the words by one person and the music by another.

(back to top)

Works that are modifications of other works

If the modification has changed the nature or contents of the original in a substantial way, or the medium of expression is different, the main entry is under the person or body responsible for the new work. However, if the modification is a rearrangement, abridgment, etc., where the original person or body is still seen as being responsible, the original heading is chosen. Following is an example of an adapter as main entry with a note added in the 500 field to clarify the original author. .

  • 100 1 Taylor, Helen L.|q(Helen Louisa).
  • 245 10 Little pilgrim's progress /|cby Helen L. Taylor.
  • 500 Adaptation for children of: The pilgrim's progress / John Bunyan.

(back to top)

Main entry under original author

The main entry for the original work is used for a revision if the name of the original author appears in either a statement of responsibility or other title information. The reviser, condenser, etc., is given in an added entry.

Abridgments are always entered under the original author with an added entry made for the abridger.

A revised edition entered under the original author

  • 100 1 Wynar, Bohdan S.
  • 245 10 Introduction to cataloging and classification /|cBohdan S. Wynar.
  • 250 7th ed. /|bby Arlene G. Taylor.

A revised work with main entry under the reviser

  • 100 1 Bedingfeld, A. L.
  • 245 1 Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk :|ba property of the National Trust /|cby A. L. Bedingfeld.
  • 250 2nd ed.

(back to top)

Items lacking main entries

If there is no clear personal or corporate author or when there are more than three authors, there is no 1XX field and the title becomes the first field containing bibliographic data. Either the primary or the first-named author is given in the statement of responsibility, followed by a space, ellipses, space [et al.]. An added entry is made for that author only in a 7XX field. All other authors are disregarded. Following is an example of a title main entry when the principal author is not indicated and there are more then three authors:

245 00 Europe reborn :|bthe story of Renaissance civilization /|ccontributors,

Julian Mates ... [et al.].

(back to top)

Collections and works produced under editorial direction

When contributions by different persons or corporate bodies are brought together either as a collection of previously published works or as contributions produced under editorial direction and there is a collective title, there is no main entry or 1XX field. Added entries (7XX fields) are made under the headings for prominently named editors and compilers, unless there are more than three. If there are more than three, only the first-named or most prominent is given in a statement of responsibility, using the same form as outlined above for more than three authors. Following is an example of a title main entry for an edited work:

  • 245 00 When autism strikes /|cedited by Robert A. Catalano ; foreword by Fred R. Volkmar.

(back to top)

Next: Chapter 4